Robaire and hermo 1988 focused on efferent ductules of the rat and gave detailed morphology of the two epithelial cell types, ciliated and nonciliated. Seminiferous tubules are canalized, they join the rete testis tubules, rete testis in turn enter the ductuli efferentes. Robaire and hermo, 1988, due to the lack of sufficient information to warrant a separate chapter. Proximal efferent ductules in 12wkold wildtype and dax1deficient male mice. Embryology and genetics, shanghai jiaotong university school of medicine. The wall of the ductus deferens was made up of loose connective tissue. Reproductivemammaltestis0testis4 comparative organology at. These efferent ductules are the remaining parts of the excretory tubules of the mesonephric system. Groin hernia repair is a commonly performed surgical procedure in the western world. Start studying embryology reproductive system development. The original mesonephric tubules differentiate into the efferent ductules, which connect to the epididymis, formed from the convoluted elongation of the proximal end of the mesonephric duct. Recent studies have indicated that additional factors may also be required for full differentiation.
All fetal reproductive organs strongly expressed mesenchymal er. The rete testis connects with the efferent ductules of the mesonephric duct seminiferous tubules become separated by mesenchyme that forms the interstitial cells of leydig. Here, we show that motile cilia lining the efferent ductules do not directly propel sperm, but rather serve as agitators, generating vigorous fluidic turbulence, to maintain suspension of sperm within the intraluminal fluid, thus ensuring an equilibrium in fluid reabsorption by the nonciliated cells. Blockage of the rete testis and efferent ductules by. The nonciliated cell type i of the ped contains a welldeveloped, subapical. The development of the reproductive system includes the gonads, the genital ducts, the external genitalia, and the descent of the gonads. Motile cilia of the male reproductive system require mir. The male gonad is the testis pl, testes the initial difference in male and female gonad development are dependent on testisdetermining factor tdf the protein product of the y chromosome sry gene. In the embryo, the pit of hensens node at the caudal end of the notochord also supports epithelial cells with motile cilia, which is necessary for development of the. Efferent ducts and epididymis function, physiology and regulation there are three major functions of the efferent ducts and epididymis. These efferent ductules are the remaining of the excretory tubules of mesonephric system.
Meanwhile, the paramesonephric ducts degenerate in the presence of antimullerian hormone produced by sertoli cells in the testes. The timing and sequence of striated muscle maturation are as precise and predictable as in the nervous system. Genital ducts basics of human development a web site. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Each efferent duct is lined by an epithelium, which varies from tall columnar and ciliated c to short and nonciliated with a layer of basal reserve cells b. The efferent ducts collect and store spermatozoa and conduct it from the rete testis into the head of the epididymis. The efferent duct of the ostrich consists of two segments, the proximal efferent duct ped and the distal efferent duct ded that are continuous, as in some other birds.
Estrogen regulation of efferent ductules and epididymis. In humans and other large mammals, there are approximately 1520 efferent ducts, which. Anatomy of the reproductive system of the bull bovine. There may also be other anomolies associated with failure of closure of abdominal wall and bladder epispadias, pubic bone anomolies.
Estrogen, efferent ductules, and the epididymis1 biology. This article describes what drives the embryology of the reproductive system, together with the process involved. Both segments of the duct possess an epithelium comprising nonciliated and ciliated cells in varying proportions between the two segments. The efferent ducts connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. Histological and anatomical study of the white rooster of. The efferent ducts or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes or ductus efferentes or vasa efferentia connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis. The epididymis consists of one highly convoluted duct that links efferent ductules to the vas deferens. Embryology updates and highlights on classic topics 44 the wolffian ducts also induce the formation of the mesonephric tubules in the mesonephric mesenchyme, which extend to the epithelial cells of the gonad and subsequently differentiate into efferent ductules. Testis cords remain solid until puberty, when they acquire a lumen, thus forming theseminiferous tubules. Embryology reproductive system development flashcards. The efferent ducts or efferent ductules or ductuli efferentes or ductus efferentes or vasa efferentia connect the rete testis with the initial section of the epididymis there are two basic designs for efferent ductule structure. They make up most of the head of the epididymis and resorb seminal fluid components.
Embryology is the basis for understanding the intimate relation between structures in different organ systems, such as the nervous system and muscle, and is primordial for understanding disorders of development that in the human may present as one of the congenital myopathies. In most species, the epididymis can be divided into four major regions known, from proximal to distal, as the initial segment, caput, corpus, and cauda fig. There are two basic designs for efferent ductule structure. Leydig cells produce testosterone and mullerianinhibiting substance mis mis induces mullerian duct regression the rete testis connects with 512 residual efferent mesonephric tubules which connects the testis to the mesonephric duct system the mesonephric duct becomes the epididymis in this region. This study is an explorative examination of the role of estrogen in the efferent ductules ed of the male mouse reproductive tract at various biological levels. Estrogen receptor expression in developing epididymis. Sperm are transported from the testis in seminiferous tubular fluid that is secreted by the sertoli cell. Sylabus for foreign students general medicine author. Explain how testicular development or absence of testes results in the malefemale.
Pathology of the paratesticular region semantic scholar. The part of the sperm containing proteolytic enzymes to digest the zona pellucida is the. Human convoluted efferent ducts d of the efferent ducts are lined by a single layer of epithelial cells e and surrounded by smooth muscle sm. They also provided initial discussions of the major function associated with these ductules, namely fluid reabsorption. A morphologic study of the mesonephros of the human embryo. A functional role of estrogen in the efferent ductules of. In the absence of the y chromosome, the gonad develops more slowly and the primary sex cords degenerate and a new set of sex cords develop called the secondary or cortical cords. Telocytes tcs are a distinct stromal cell type described in many organs. Wilms tumor 1, a transcription factor essential in urogenital ridge determination. Groin hernia repair is a commonly performed surgical procedure in the western world but largescaled epidemiologic data are sparse. In spite of knowing the presence of high concentrations of estrogen and the existence of estrogen receptor er, eralpha and erbeta, in the male reproductive tract, a role for estrogen. Structure and function spermatozoa are produced in seminiferous tubules of the testis, then they mature. In 1994, ilio and hess, carried these discussions further by including numerous species and showing, for the first time, morphology of efferent ductules in the dog. In humans and other large mammals, there are approximately 1520 efferent ducts, which also occupy nearly one third of the head of the epididymis.
The spermatozoa are transported together with the transport fluid from the testis via the efferent ductules of the testis around 1020 in number into the epididymis canal caput region. Pdf estrogen, efferent ductules, and the epididymis. The mesonephric duct distal to the epididymis forms the. Estrogen receptor expression in developing epididymis, efferent ductules, and other male reproductive organs. Motile cilia of the male reproductive system require mir34. This section focuses on the development of human embryos, with emphasis on the mechanisms underlying the development of the tissues and organs of the human body.
Morphologic changes in efferent ductules and epididymis in. This is the first embryology sheet, please refer to the slides. Also, from 1988 to 1994, a large number of publications. The acrosome is the part of the sperm containing proteolytic enzymes to. Morphological changes of telocytes in camel efferent. The spermatozoa are transported from the testicles through a tubular system consisting of the convoluted seminiferous tubules, straight seminiferous tubules, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferens, and urethra.
However, efferent ductules and initial segment epididymis show selective regulation that is dependent upon luminal factors from the testis. Robaire and hermo 1988 focused on efferent ductules of the rat and gave detailed morphology. Efferent ductules develop from mesonephric tubules. Blood supply the testes receive blood through the testicular arteries gonadal artery. Efferent ductules, urogenital sinus and wolffian ducts, and their derivatives, the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, coagulating glands, prostate, and bulbouretheral glands bugs, were examined from 16 days fetal gestation 1920 days to 10 days postnatal. They give rise to the efferent ductules, epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicles. Testes and mesonephric ducts embryology lecture lecturio.
Efferent ductules the sperm are transported out of the testis and into the epididymis through a series of efferent ductules. Unit 3 embryology texas tech university health sciences. The testis cords empty into mesonephric tubules that will become the efferent ductules. Pdf estrogen and its receptors in efferent ductules and. The mesonephric tubules will form the efferent ductules and the head of epididymis, while the mesonephric duct will form body.
The present study investigated the existence of tcs within the efferent ductules in. In genetic males, the production of testosterone by the developing leidig cells of the testis enhances the development of the mesonephric duct system. Before we start the embryology of the urinary system, remember that. The efferent ductules arise separately from the rete testis channels near the tunica.